Transformers
  • 🌍GET STARTED
    • Transformers
    • Quick tour
    • Installation
  • 🌍TUTORIALS
    • Run inference with pipelines
    • Write portable code with AutoClass
    • Preprocess data
    • Fine-tune a pretrained model
    • Train with a script
    • Set up distributed training with BOINC AI Accelerate
    • Load and train adapters with BOINC AI PEFT
    • Share your model
    • Agents
    • Generation with LLMs
  • 🌍TASK GUIDES
    • 🌍NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING
      • Text classification
      • Token classification
      • Question answering
      • Causal language modeling
      • Masked language modeling
      • Translation
      • Summarization
      • Multiple choice
    • 🌍AUDIO
      • Audio classification
      • Automatic speech recognition
    • 🌍COMPUTER VISION
      • Image classification
      • Semantic segmentation
      • Video classification
      • Object detection
      • Zero-shot object detection
      • Zero-shot image classification
      • Depth estimation
    • 🌍MULTIMODAL
      • Image captioning
      • Document Question Answering
      • Visual Question Answering
      • Text to speech
    • 🌍GENERATION
      • Customize the generation strategy
    • 🌍PROMPTING
      • Image tasks with IDEFICS
  • 🌍DEVELOPER GUIDES
    • Use fast tokenizers from BOINC AI Tokenizers
    • Run inference with multilingual models
    • Use model-specific APIs
    • Share a custom model
    • Templates for chat models
    • Run training on Amazon SageMaker
    • Export to ONNX
    • Export to TFLite
    • Export to TorchScript
    • Benchmarks
    • Notebooks with examples
    • Community resources
    • Custom Tools and Prompts
    • Troubleshoot
  • 🌍PERFORMANCE AND SCALABILITY
    • Overview
    • 🌍EFFICIENT TRAINING TECHNIQUES
      • Methods and tools for efficient training on a single GPU
      • Multiple GPUs and parallelism
      • Efficient training on CPU
      • Distributed CPU training
      • Training on TPUs
      • Training on TPU with TensorFlow
      • Training on Specialized Hardware
      • Custom hardware for training
      • Hyperparameter Search using Trainer API
    • 🌍OPTIMIZING INFERENCE
      • Inference on CPU
      • Inference on one GPU
      • Inference on many GPUs
      • Inference on Specialized Hardware
    • Instantiating a big model
    • Troubleshooting
    • XLA Integration for TensorFlow Models
    • Optimize inference using `torch.compile()`
  • 🌍CONTRIBUTE
    • How to contribute to transformers?
    • How to add a model to BOINC AI Transformers?
    • How to convert a BOINC AI Transformers model to TensorFlow?
    • How to add a pipeline to BOINC AI Transformers?
    • Testing
    • Checks on a Pull Request
  • 🌍CONCEPTUAL GUIDES
    • Philosophy
    • Glossary
    • What BOINC AI Transformers can do
    • How BOINC AI Transformers solve tasks
    • The Transformer model family
    • Summary of the tokenizers
    • Attention mechanisms
    • Padding and truncation
    • BERTology
    • Perplexity of fixed-length models
    • Pipelines for webserver inference
    • Model training anatomy
  • 🌍API
    • 🌍MAIN CLASSES
      • Agents and Tools
      • 🌍Auto Classes
        • Extending the Auto Classes
        • AutoConfig
        • AutoTokenizer
        • AutoFeatureExtractor
        • AutoImageProcessor
        • AutoProcessor
        • Generic model classes
          • AutoModel
          • TFAutoModel
          • FlaxAutoModel
        • Generic pretraining classes
          • AutoModelForPreTraining
          • TFAutoModelForPreTraining
          • FlaxAutoModelForPreTraining
        • Natural Language Processing
          • AutoModelForCausalLM
          • TFAutoModelForCausalLM
          • FlaxAutoModelForCausalLM
          • AutoModelForMaskedLM
          • TFAutoModelForMaskedLM
          • FlaxAutoModelForMaskedLM
          • AutoModelForMaskGenerationge
          • TFAutoModelForMaskGeneration
          • AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM
          • TFAutoModelForSeq2SeqLM
          • FlaxAutoModelForSeq2SeqLM
          • AutoModelForSequenceClassification
          • TFAutoModelForSequenceClassification
          • FlaxAutoModelForSequenceClassification
          • AutoModelForMultipleChoice
          • TFAutoModelForMultipleChoice
          • FlaxAutoModelForMultipleChoice
          • AutoModelForNextSentencePrediction
          • TFAutoModelForNextSentencePrediction
          • FlaxAutoModelForNextSentencePrediction
          • AutoModelForTokenClassification
          • TFAutoModelForTokenClassification
          • FlaxAutoModelForTokenClassification
          • AutoModelForQuestionAnswering
          • TFAutoModelForQuestionAnswering
          • FlaxAutoModelForQuestionAnswering
          • AutoModelForTextEncoding
          • TFAutoModelForTextEncoding
        • Computer vision
          • AutoModelForDepthEstimation
          • AutoModelForImageClassification
          • TFAutoModelForImageClassification
          • FlaxAutoModelForImageClassification
          • AutoModelForVideoClassification
          • AutoModelForMaskedImageModeling
          • TFAutoModelForMaskedImageModeling
          • AutoModelForObjectDetection
          • AutoModelForImageSegmentation
          • AutoModelForImageToImage
          • AutoModelForSemanticSegmentation
          • TFAutoModelForSemanticSegmentation
          • AutoModelForInstanceSegmentation
          • AutoModelForUniversalSegmentation
          • AutoModelForZeroShotImageClassification
          • TFAutoModelForZeroShotImageClassification
          • AutoModelForZeroShotObjectDetection
        • Audio
          • AutoModelForAudioClassification
          • AutoModelForAudioFrameClassification
          • TFAutoModelForAudioFrameClassification
          • AutoModelForCTC
          • AutoModelForSpeechSeq2Seq
          • TFAutoModelForSpeechSeq2Seq
          • FlaxAutoModelForSpeechSeq2Seq
          • AutoModelForAudioXVector
          • AutoModelForTextToSpectrogram
          • AutoModelForTextToWaveform
        • Multimodal
          • AutoModelForTableQuestionAnswering
          • TFAutoModelForTableQuestionAnswering
          • AutoModelForDocumentQuestionAnswering
          • TFAutoModelForDocumentQuestionAnswering
          • AutoModelForVisualQuestionAnswering
          • AutoModelForVision2Seq
          • TFAutoModelForVision2Seq
          • FlaxAutoModelForVision2Seq
      • Callbacks
      • Configuration
      • Data Collator
      • Keras callbacks
      • Logging
      • Models
      • Text Generation
      • ONNX
      • Optimization
      • Model outputs
      • Pipelines
      • Processors
      • Quantization
      • Tokenizer
      • Trainer
      • DeepSpeed Integration
      • Feature Extractor
      • Image Processor
    • 🌍MODELS
      • 🌍TEXT MODELS
        • ALBERT
        • BART
        • BARThez
        • BARTpho
        • BERT
        • BertGeneration
        • BertJapanese
        • Bertweet
        • BigBird
        • BigBirdPegasus
        • BioGpt
        • Blenderbot
        • Blenderbot Small
        • BLOOM
        • BORT
        • ByT5
        • CamemBERT
        • CANINE
        • CodeGen
        • CodeLlama
        • ConvBERT
        • CPM
        • CPMANT
        • CTRL
        • DeBERTa
        • DeBERTa-v2
        • DialoGPT
        • DistilBERT
        • DPR
        • ELECTRA
        • Encoder Decoder Models
        • ERNIE
        • ErnieM
        • ESM
        • Falcon
        • FLAN-T5
        • FLAN-UL2
        • FlauBERT
        • FNet
        • FSMT
        • Funnel Transformer
        • GPT
        • GPT Neo
        • GPT NeoX
        • GPT NeoX Japanese
        • GPT-J
        • GPT2
        • GPTBigCode
        • GPTSAN Japanese
        • GPTSw3
        • HerBERT
        • I-BERT
        • Jukebox
        • LED
        • LLaMA
        • LLama2
        • Longformer
        • LongT5
        • LUKE
        • M2M100
        • MarianMT
        • MarkupLM
        • MBart and MBart-50
        • MEGA
        • MegatronBERT
        • MegatronGPT2
        • Mistral
        • mLUKE
        • MobileBERT
        • MPNet
        • MPT
        • MRA
        • MT5
        • MVP
        • NEZHA
        • NLLB
        • NLLB-MoE
        • Nyströmformer
        • Open-Llama
        • OPT
        • Pegasus
        • PEGASUS-X
        • Persimmon
        • PhoBERT
        • PLBart
        • ProphetNet
        • QDQBert
        • RAG
        • REALM
        • Reformer
        • RemBERT
        • RetriBERT
        • RoBERTa
        • RoBERTa-PreLayerNorm
        • RoCBert
        • RoFormer
        • RWKV
        • Splinter
        • SqueezeBERT
        • SwitchTransformers
        • T5
        • T5v1.1
        • TAPEX
        • Transformer XL
        • UL2
        • UMT5
        • X-MOD
        • XGLM
        • XLM
        • XLM-ProphetNet
        • XLM-RoBERTa
        • XLM-RoBERTa-XL
        • XLM-V
        • XLNet
        • YOSO
      • 🌍VISION MODELS
        • BEiT
        • BiT
        • Conditional DETR
        • ConvNeXT
        • ConvNeXTV2
        • CvT
        • Deformable DETR
        • DeiT
        • DETA
        • DETR
        • DiNAT
        • DINO V2
        • DiT
        • DPT
        • EfficientFormer
        • EfficientNet
        • FocalNet
        • GLPN
        • ImageGPT
        • LeViT
        • Mask2Former
        • MaskFormer
        • MobileNetV1
        • MobileNetV2
        • MobileViT
        • MobileViTV2
        • NAT
        • PoolFormer
        • Pyramid Vision Transformer (PVT)
        • RegNet
        • ResNet
        • SegFormer
        • SwiftFormer
        • Swin Transformer
        • Swin Transformer V2
        • Swin2SR
        • Table Transformer
        • TimeSformer
        • UperNet
        • VAN
        • VideoMAE
        • Vision Transformer (ViT)
        • ViT Hybrid
        • ViTDet
        • ViTMAE
        • ViTMatte
        • ViTMSN
        • ViViT
        • YOLOS
      • 🌍AUDIO MODELS
        • Audio Spectrogram Transformer
        • Bark
        • CLAP
        • EnCodec
        • Hubert
        • MCTCT
        • MMS
        • MusicGen
        • Pop2Piano
        • SEW
        • SEW-D
        • Speech2Text
        • Speech2Text2
        • SpeechT5
        • UniSpeech
        • UniSpeech-SAT
        • VITS
        • Wav2Vec2
        • Wav2Vec2-Conformer
        • Wav2Vec2Phoneme
        • WavLM
        • Whisper
        • XLS-R
        • XLSR-Wav2Vec2
      • 🌍MULTIMODAL MODELS
        • ALIGN
        • AltCLIP
        • BLIP
        • BLIP-2
        • BridgeTower
        • BROS
        • Chinese-CLIP
        • CLIP
        • CLIPSeg
        • Data2Vec
        • DePlot
        • Donut
        • FLAVA
        • GIT
        • GroupViT
        • IDEFICS
        • InstructBLIP
        • LayoutLM
        • LayoutLMV2
        • LayoutLMV3
        • LayoutXLM
        • LiLT
        • LXMERT
        • MatCha
        • MGP-STR
        • Nougat
        • OneFormer
        • OWL-ViT
        • Perceiver
        • Pix2Struct
        • Segment Anything
        • Speech Encoder Decoder Models
        • TAPAS
        • TrOCR
        • TVLT
        • ViLT
        • Vision Encoder Decoder Models
        • Vision Text Dual Encoder
        • VisualBERT
        • X-CLIP
      • 🌍REINFORCEMENT LEARNING MODELS
        • Decision Transformer
        • Trajectory Transformer
      • 🌍TIME SERIES MODELS
        • Autoformer
        • Informer
        • Time Series Transformer
      • 🌍GRAPH MODELS
        • Graphormer
  • 🌍INTERNAL HELPERS
    • Custom Layers and Utilities
    • Utilities for pipelines
    • Utilities for Tokenizers
    • Utilities for Trainer
    • Utilities for Generation
    • Utilities for Image Processors
    • Utilities for Audio processing
    • General Utilities
    • Utilities for Time Series
Powered by GitBook
On this page
  • XLM-V
  • Overview
  1. API
  2. MODELS
  3. TEXT MODELS

XLM-V

PreviousXLM-RoBERTa-XLNextXLNet

Last updated 1 year ago

XLM-V

Overview

XLM-V is multilingual language model with a one million token vocabulary trained on 2.5TB of data from Common Crawl (same as XLM-R). It was introduced in the paper by Davis Liang, Hila Gonen, Yuning Mao, Rui Hou, Naman Goyal, Marjan Ghazvininejad, Luke Zettlemoyer and Madian Khabsa.

From the abstract of the XLM-V paper:

Large multilingual language models typically rely on a single vocabulary shared across 100+ languages. As these models have increased in parameter count and depth, vocabulary size has remained largely unchanged. This vocabulary bottleneck limits the representational capabilities of multilingual models like XLM-R. In this paper, we introduce a new approach for scaling to very large multilingual vocabularies by de-emphasizing token sharing between languages with little lexical overlap and assigning vocabulary capacity to achieve sufficient coverage for each individual language. Tokenizations using our vocabulary are typically more semantically meaningful and shorter compared to XLM-R. Leveraging this improved vocabulary, we train XLM-V, a multilingual language model with a one million token vocabulary. XLM-V outperforms XLM-R on every task we tested on ranging from natural language inference (XNLI), question answering (MLQA, XQuAD, TyDiQA), and named entity recognition (WikiAnn) to low-resource tasks (Americas NLI, MasakhaNER).

Tips:

  • XLM-V is compatible with the XLM-RoBERTa model architecture, only model weights from library had to be converted.

  • The XLMTokenizer implementation is used to load the vocab and performs tokenization.

A XLM-V (base size) model is available under the identifier.

This model was contributed by , including detailed experiments with XLM-V on downstream tasks. The experiments repository can be found .

🌍
🌍
🌍
XLM-V: Overcoming the Vocabulary Bottleneck in Multilingual Masked Language Models
fairseq
facebook/xlm-v-base
stefan-it
here