# NEZHA

## Nezha

### Overview

The Nezha model was proposed in [NEZHA: Neural Contextualized Representation for Chinese Language Understanding](https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.00204) by Junqiu Wei et al.

The abstract from the paper is the following:

_The pre-trained language models have achieved great successes in various natural language understanding (NLU) tasks due to its capacity to capture the deep contextualized information in text by pre-training on large-scale corpora. In this technical report, we present our practice of pre-training language models named NEZHA (NEural contextualiZed representation for CHinese lAnguage understanding) on Chinese corpora and finetuning for the Chinese NLU tasks. The current version of NEZHA is based on BERT with a collection of proven improvements, which include Functional Relative Positional Encoding as an effective positional encoding scheme, Whole Word Masking strategy, Mixed Precision Training and the LAMB Optimizer in training the models. The experimental results show that NEZHA achieves the state-of-the-art performances when finetuned on several representative Chinese tasks, including named entity recognition (People’s Daily NER), sentence matching (LCQMC), Chinese sentiment classification (ChnSenti) and natural language inference (XNLI)._

This model was contributed by [sijunhe](https://huggingface.co/sijunhe). The original code can be found [here](https://github.com/huawei-noah/Pretrained-Language-Model/tree/master/NEZHA-PyTorch).

### Documentation resources

* [Text classification task guide](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/tasks/sequence_classification)
* [Token classification task guide](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/tasks/token_classification)
* [Question answering task guide](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/tasks/question_answering)
* [Masked language modeling task guide](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/tasks/masked_language_modeling)
* [Multiple choice task guide](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/tasks/multiple_choice)

### NezhaConfig

#### class transformers.NezhaConfig

[\<source>](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v4.34.1/src/transformers/models/nezha/configuration_nezha.py#L9)

( vocab\_size = 21128hidden\_size = 768num\_hidden\_layers = 12num\_attention\_heads = 12intermediate\_size = 3072hidden\_act = 'gelu'hidden\_dropout\_prob = 0.1attention\_probs\_dropout\_prob = 0.1max\_position\_embeddings = 512max\_relative\_position = 64type\_vocab\_size = 2initializer\_range = 0.02layer\_norm\_eps = 1e-12classifier\_dropout = 0.1pad\_token\_id = 0bos\_token\_id = 2eos\_token\_id = 3use\_cache = True\*\*kwargs )

Parameters

* **vocab\_size** (`int`, optional, defaults to 21128) — Vocabulary size of the NEZHA model. Defines the different tokens that can be represented by the _inputs\_ids_ passed to the forward method of [NezhaModel](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaModel).
* **hidden\_size** (`int`, optional, defaults to 768) — Dimensionality of the encoder layers and the pooler layer.
* **num\_hidden\_layers** (`int`, optional, defaults to 12) — Number of hidden layers in the Transformer encoder.
* **num\_attention\_heads** (`int`, optional, defaults to 12) — Number of attention heads for each attention layer in the Transformer encoder.
* **intermediate\_size** (`int`, optional, defaults to 3072) — The dimensionality of the “intermediate” (i.e., feed-forward) layer in the Transformer encoder.
* **hidden\_act** (`str` or `function`, optional, defaults to “gelu”) — The non-linear activation function (function or string) in the encoder and pooler.
* **hidden\_dropout\_prob** (`float`, optional, defaults to 0.1) — The dropout probability for all fully connected layers in the embeddings, encoder, and pooler.
* **attention\_probs\_dropout\_prob** (`float`, optional, defaults to 0.1) — The dropout ratio for the attention probabilities.
* **max\_position\_embeddings** (`int`, optional, defaults to 512) — The maximum sequence length that this model might ever be used with. Typically set this to something large (e.g., 512 or 1024 or 2048).
* **type\_vocab\_size** (`int`, optional, defaults to 2) — The vocabulary size of the _token\_type\_ids_ passed into [NezhaModel](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaModel).
* **initializer\_range** (`float`, optional, defaults to 0.02) — The standard deviation of the truncated\_normal\_initializer for initializing all weight matrices.
* **layer\_norm\_eps** (`float`, optional, defaults to 1e-12) — The epsilon used by the layer normalization layers.
* **classifier\_dropout** (`float`, optional, defaults to 0.1) — The dropout ratio for attached classifiers.
* **is\_decoder** (`bool`, _optional_, defaults to `False`) — Whether the model is used as a decoder or not. If `False`, the model is used as an encoder.

This is the configuration class to store the configuration of an [NezhaModel](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaModel). It is used to instantiate an Nezha model according to the specified arguments, defining the model architecture. Instantiating a configuration with the defaults will yield a similar configuration to that of the Nezha [sijunhe/nezha-cn-base](https://huggingface.co/sijunhe/nezha-cn-base) architecture.

Configuration objects inherit from [PretrainedConfig](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/configuration#transformers.PretrainedConfig) and can be used to control the model outputs. Read the documentation from [PretrainedConfig](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/configuration#transformers.PretrainedConfig) for more information.



Example:

Copied

```
>>> from transformers import NezhaConfig, NezhaModel

>>> # Initializing an Nezha configuration
>>> configuration = NezhaConfig()

>>> # Initializing a model (with random weights) from the Nezha-base style configuration model
>>> model = NezhaModel(configuration)

>>> # Accessing the model configuration
>>> configuration = model.config
```

### NezhaModel

#### class transformers.NezhaModel

[\<source>](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v4.34.1/src/transformers/models/nezha/modeling_nezha.py#L859)

( configadd\_pooling\_layer = True )

Parameters

* **config** ([NezhaConfig](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaConfig)) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the [from\_pretrained()](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/model#transformers.PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained) method to load the model weights.

The bare Nezha Model transformer outputting raw hidden-states without any specific head on top.

This model inherits from [PreTrainedModel](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/model#transformers.PreTrainedModel). Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch [torch.nn.Module](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.Module) subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

The model can behave as an encoder (with only self-attention) as well as a decoder, in which case a layer of cross-attention is added between the self-attention layers, following the architecture described in [Attention is all you need](https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762) by Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N. Gomez, Lukasz Kaiser and Illia Polosukhin.

To behave as an decoder the model needs to be initialized with the `is_decoder` argument of the configuration set to `True`. To be used in a Seq2Seq model, the model needs to initialized with both `is_decoder` argument and `add_cross_attention` set to `True`; an `encoder_hidden_states` is then expected as an input to the forward pass.

**forward**

[\<source>](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v4.34.1/src/transformers/models/nezha/modeling_nezha.py#L898)

( input\_ids: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneattention\_mask: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Nonetoken\_type\_ids: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Nonehead\_mask: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneinputs\_embeds: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneencoder\_hidden\_states: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneencoder\_attention\_mask: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Nonepast\_key\_values: typing.Optional\[typing.List\[torch.FloatTensor]] = Noneuse\_cache: typing.Optional\[bool] = Noneoutput\_attentions: typing.Optional\[bool] = Noneoutput\_hidden\_states: typing.Optional\[bool] = Nonereturn\_dict: typing.Optional\[bool] = None ) → [transformers.modeling\_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPoolingAndCrossAttentions](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPoolingAndCrossAttentions) or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

*   **input\_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

    Indices can be obtained using [AutoTokenizer](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/auto#transformers.AutoTokenizer). See [PreTrainedTokenizer.encode()](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/tokenizer#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerFast.encode) and [PreTrainedTokenizer.**call**()](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/vits#transformers.VitsTokenizer.__call__) for details.

    [What are input IDs?](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/glossary#input-ids)
*   **attention\_mask** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, _optional_) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

    * 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
    * 0 for tokens that are **masked**.

    [What are attention masks?](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/glossary#attention-mask)
*   **token\_type\_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, _optional_) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:

    * 0 corresponds to a _sentence A_ token,
    * 1 corresponds to a _sentence B_ token.

    [What are token type IDs?](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/glossary#token-type-ids)
* **head\_mask** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, _optional_) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  * 1 indicates the head is **not masked**,
  * 0 indicates the head is **masked**.
* **inputs\_embeds** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, _optional_) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
* **output\_attentions** (`bool`, _optional_) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
* **output\_hidden\_states** (`bool`, _optional_) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
* **return\_dict** (`bool`, _optional_) — Whether or not to return a [ModelOutput](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.utils.ModelOutput) instead of a plain tuple.
* **encoder\_hidden\_states** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, _optional_) — Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the encoder. Used in the cross-attention if the model is configured as a decoder.
* **encoder\_attention\_mask** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, _optional_) — Mask to avoid performing attention on the padding token indices of the encoder input. This mask is used in the cross-attention if the model is configured as a decoder. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  * 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
  * 0 for tokens that are **masked**.
*   **past\_key\_values** (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor))` of length `config.n_layers` with each tuple having 4 tensors of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length - 1, embed_size_per_head)`) — Contains precomputed key and value hidden states of the attention blocks. Can be used to speed up decoding.

    If `past_key_values` are used, the user can optionally input only the last `decoder_input_ids` (those that don’t have their past key value states given to this model) of shape `(batch_size, 1)` instead of all `decoder_input_ids` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`.
* **use\_cache** (`bool`, _optional_) — If set to `True`, `past_key_values` key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see `past_key_values`).

Returns

[transformers.modeling\_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPoolingAndCrossAttentions](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPoolingAndCrossAttentions) or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A [transformers.modeling\_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPoolingAndCrossAttentions](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPoolingAndCrossAttentions) or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration ([NezhaConfig](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaConfig)) and inputs.

* **last\_hidden\_state** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`) — Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the model.
* **pooler\_output** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, hidden_size)`) — Last layer hidden-state of the first token of the sequence (classification token) after further processing through the layers used for the auxiliary pretraining task. E.g. for BERT-family of models, this returns the classification token after processing through a linear layer and a tanh activation function. The linear layer weights are trained from the next sentence prediction (classification) objective during pretraining.
*   **hidden\_states** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, _optional_, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.
*   **attentions** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, _optional_, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

    Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.
*   **cross\_attentions** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, _optional_, returned when `output_attentions=True` and `config.add_cross_attention=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

    Attentions weights of the decoder’s cross-attention layer, after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the cross-attention heads.
*   **past\_key\_values** (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor))`, _optional_, returned when `use_cache=True` is passed or when `config.use_cache=True`) — Tuple of `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` of length `config.n_layers`, with each tuple having 2 tensors of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`) and optionally if `config.is_encoder_decoder=True` 2 additional tensors of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, encoder_sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`.

    Contains pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and optionally if `config.is_encoder_decoder=True` in the cross-attention blocks) that can be used (see `past_key_values` input) to speed up sequential decoding.

The [NezhaModel](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaModel) forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.



Example:

Copied

```
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, NezhaModel
>>> import torch

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("sijunhe/nezha-cn-base")
>>> model = NezhaModel.from_pretrained("sijunhe/nezha-cn-base")

>>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="pt")
>>> outputs = model(**inputs)

>>> last_hidden_states = outputs.last_hidden_state
```

### NezhaForPreTraining

#### class transformers.NezhaForPreTraining

[\<source>](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v4.34.1/src/transformers/models/nezha/modeling_nezha.py#L1039)

( config )

Parameters

* **config** ([NezhaConfig](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaConfig)) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the [from\_pretrained()](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/model#transformers.PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained) method to load the model weights.

Nezha Model with two heads on top as done during the pretraining: a `masked language modeling` head and a `next sentence prediction (classification)` head.

This model inherits from [PreTrainedModel](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/model#transformers.PreTrainedModel). Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch [torch.nn.Module](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.Module) subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

**forward**

[\<source>](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v4.34.1/src/transformers/models/nezha/modeling_nezha.py#L1057)

( input\_ids: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneattention\_mask: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Nonetoken\_type\_ids: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Nonehead\_mask: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneinputs\_embeds: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Nonelabels: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Nonenext\_sentence\_label: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneoutput\_attentions: typing.Optional\[bool] = Noneoutput\_hidden\_states: typing.Optional\[bool] = Nonereturn\_dict: typing.Optional\[bool] = None ) → `transformers.models.nezha.modeling_nezha.NezhaForPreTrainingOutput` or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

*   **input\_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

    Indices can be obtained using [AutoTokenizer](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/auto#transformers.AutoTokenizer). See [PreTrainedTokenizer.encode()](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/tokenizer#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerFast.encode) and [PreTrainedTokenizer.**call**()](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/vits#transformers.VitsTokenizer.__call__) for details.

    [What are input IDs?](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/glossary#input-ids)
*   **attention\_mask** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, _optional_) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

    * 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
    * 0 for tokens that are **masked**.

    [What are attention masks?](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/glossary#attention-mask)
*   **token\_type\_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, _optional_) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:

    * 0 corresponds to a _sentence A_ token,
    * 1 corresponds to a _sentence B_ token.

    [What are token type IDs?](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/glossary#token-type-ids)
* **head\_mask** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, _optional_) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  * 1 indicates the head is **not masked**,
  * 0 indicates the head is **masked**.
* **inputs\_embeds** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, _optional_) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
* **output\_attentions** (`bool`, _optional_) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
* **output\_hidden\_states** (`bool`, _optional_) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
*   **return\_dict** (`bool`, _optional_) — Whether or not to return a [ModelOutput](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.utils.ModelOutput) instead of a plain tuple.

    labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, _optional_): Labels for computing the masked language modeling loss. Indices should be in `[-100, 0, ..., config.vocab_size]` (see `input_ids` docstring) Tokens with indices set to `-100` are ignored (masked), the loss is only computed for the tokens with labels in `[0, ..., config.vocab_size]` next\_sentence\_label (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, _optional_): Labels for computing the next sequence prediction (classification) loss. Input should be a sequence pair (see `input_ids` docstring) Indices should be in `[0, 1]`:

    * 0 indicates sequence B is a continuation of sequence A,
    * 1 indicates sequence B is a random sequence. kwargs (`Dict[str, any]`, optional, defaults to _{}_): Used to hide legacy arguments that have been deprecated.

Returns

`transformers.models.nezha.modeling_nezha.NezhaForPreTrainingOutput` or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A `transformers.models.nezha.modeling_nezha.NezhaForPreTrainingOutput` or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration ([NezhaConfig](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaConfig)) and inputs.

* **loss** (_optional_, returned when `labels` is provided, `torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`) — Total loss as the sum of the masked language modeling loss and the next sequence prediction (classification) loss.
* **prediction\_logits** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)`) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).
* **seq\_relationship\_logits** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, 2)`) — Prediction scores of the next sequence prediction (classification) head (scores of True/False continuation before SoftMax).
*   **hidden\_states** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, _optional_, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.
*   **attentions** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, _optional_, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

    Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The [NezhaForPreTraining](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaForPreTraining) forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.



Example:

Copied

```
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, NezhaForPreTraining
>>> import torch

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("sijunhe/nezha-cn-base")
>>> model = NezhaForPreTraining.from_pretrained("sijunhe/nezha-cn-base")

>>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="pt")
>>> outputs = model(**inputs)

>>> prediction_logits = outputs.prediction_logits
>>> seq_relationship_logits = outputs.seq_relationship_logits
```

### NezhaForMaskedLM

#### class transformers.NezhaForMaskedLM

[\<source>](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v4.34.1/src/transformers/models/nezha/modeling_nezha.py#L1141)

( config )

Parameters

* **config** ([NezhaConfig](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaConfig)) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the [from\_pretrained()](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/model#transformers.PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained) method to load the model weights.

Nezha Model with a `language modeling` head on top.

This model inherits from [PreTrainedModel](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/model#transformers.PreTrainedModel). Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch [torch.nn.Module](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.Module) subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

**forward**

[\<source>](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v4.34.1/src/transformers/models/nezha/modeling_nezha.py#L1165)

( input\_ids: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneattention\_mask: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Nonetoken\_type\_ids: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Nonehead\_mask: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneinputs\_embeds: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneencoder\_hidden\_states: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneencoder\_attention\_mask: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Nonelabels: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneoutput\_attentions: typing.Optional\[bool] = Noneoutput\_hidden\_states: typing.Optional\[bool] = Nonereturn\_dict: typing.Optional\[bool] = None ) → [transformers.modeling\_outputs.MaskedLMOutput](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.MaskedLMOutput) or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

*   **input\_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

    Indices can be obtained using [AutoTokenizer](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/auto#transformers.AutoTokenizer). See [PreTrainedTokenizer.encode()](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/tokenizer#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerFast.encode) and [PreTrainedTokenizer.**call**()](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/vits#transformers.VitsTokenizer.__call__) for details.

    [What are input IDs?](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/glossary#input-ids)
*   **attention\_mask** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, _optional_) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

    * 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
    * 0 for tokens that are **masked**.

    [What are attention masks?](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/glossary#attention-mask)
*   **token\_type\_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, _optional_) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:

    * 0 corresponds to a _sentence A_ token,
    * 1 corresponds to a _sentence B_ token.

    [What are token type IDs?](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/glossary#token-type-ids)
* **head\_mask** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, _optional_) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  * 1 indicates the head is **not masked**,
  * 0 indicates the head is **masked**.
* **inputs\_embeds** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, _optional_) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
* **output\_attentions** (`bool`, _optional_) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
* **output\_hidden\_states** (`bool`, _optional_) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
* **return\_dict** (`bool`, _optional_) — Whether or not to return a [ModelOutput](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.utils.ModelOutput) instead of a plain tuple.
* **labels** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, _optional_) — Labels for computing the masked language modeling loss. Indices should be in `[-100, 0, ..., config.vocab_size]` (see `input_ids` docstring) Tokens with indices set to `-100` are ignored (masked), the loss is only computed for the tokens with labels in `[0, ..., config.vocab_size]`

Returns

[transformers.modeling\_outputs.MaskedLMOutput](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.MaskedLMOutput) or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A [transformers.modeling\_outputs.MaskedLMOutput](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.MaskedLMOutput) or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration ([NezhaConfig](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaConfig)) and inputs.

* **loss** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, _optional_, returned when `labels` is provided) — Masked language modeling (MLM) loss.
* **logits** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)`) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).
*   **hidden\_states** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, _optional_, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.
*   **attentions** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, _optional_, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

    Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The [NezhaForMaskedLM](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaForMaskedLM) forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.



Example:

Copied

```
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, NezhaForMaskedLM
>>> import torch

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("sijunhe/nezha-cn-base")
>>> model = NezhaForMaskedLM.from_pretrained("sijunhe/nezha-cn-base")

>>> inputs = tokenizer("The capital of France is [MASK].", return_tensors="pt")

>>> with torch.no_grad():
...     logits = model(**inputs).logits

>>> # retrieve index of [MASK]
>>> mask_token_index = (inputs.input_ids == tokenizer.mask_token_id)[0].nonzero(as_tuple=True)[0]

>>> predicted_token_id = logits[0, mask_token_index].argmax(axis=-1)

>>> labels = tokenizer("The capital of France is Paris.", return_tensors="pt")["input_ids"]
>>> # mask labels of non-[MASK] tokens
>>> labels = torch.where(inputs.input_ids == tokenizer.mask_token_id, labels, -100)

>>> outputs = model(**inputs, labels=labels)
```

### NezhaForNextSentencePrediction

#### class transformers.NezhaForNextSentencePrediction

[\<source>](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v4.34.1/src/transformers/models/nezha/modeling_nezha.py#L1247)

( config )

Parameters

* **config** ([NezhaConfig](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaConfig)) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the [from\_pretrained()](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/model#transformers.PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained) method to load the model weights.

Nezha Model with a `next sentence prediction (classification)` head on top.

This model inherits from [PreTrainedModel](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/model#transformers.PreTrainedModel). Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch [torch.nn.Module](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.Module) subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

**forward**

[\<source>](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v4.34.1/src/transformers/models/nezha/modeling_nezha.py#L1257)

( input\_ids: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneattention\_mask: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Nonetoken\_type\_ids: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Nonehead\_mask: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneinputs\_embeds: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Nonelabels: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneoutput\_attentions: typing.Optional\[bool] = Noneoutput\_hidden\_states: typing.Optional\[bool] = Nonereturn\_dict: typing.Optional\[bool] = None\*\*kwargs ) → [transformers.modeling\_outputs.NextSentencePredictorOutput](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.NextSentencePredictorOutput) or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

*   **input\_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

    Indices can be obtained using [AutoTokenizer](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/auto#transformers.AutoTokenizer). See [PreTrainedTokenizer.encode()](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/tokenizer#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerFast.encode) and [PreTrainedTokenizer.**call**()](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/vits#transformers.VitsTokenizer.__call__) for details.

    [What are input IDs?](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/glossary#input-ids)
*   **attention\_mask** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, _optional_) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

    * 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
    * 0 for tokens that are **masked**.

    [What are attention masks?](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/glossary#attention-mask)
*   **token\_type\_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, _optional_) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:

    * 0 corresponds to a _sentence A_ token,
    * 1 corresponds to a _sentence B_ token.

    [What are token type IDs?](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/glossary#token-type-ids)
* **head\_mask** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, _optional_) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  * 1 indicates the head is **not masked**,
  * 0 indicates the head is **masked**.
* **inputs\_embeds** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, _optional_) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
* **output\_attentions** (`bool`, _optional_) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
* **output\_hidden\_states** (`bool`, _optional_) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
* **return\_dict** (`bool`, _optional_) — Whether or not to return a [ModelOutput](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.utils.ModelOutput) instead of a plain tuple.
* **labels** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, _optional_) — Labels for computing the next sequence prediction (classification) loss. Input should be a sequence pair (see `input_ids` docstring). Indices should be in `[0, 1]`:
  * 0 indicates sequence B is a continuation of sequence A,
  * 1 indicates sequence B is a random sequence.

Returns

[transformers.modeling\_outputs.NextSentencePredictorOutput](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.NextSentencePredictorOutput) or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A [transformers.modeling\_outputs.NextSentencePredictorOutput](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.NextSentencePredictorOutput) or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration ([NezhaConfig](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaConfig)) and inputs.

* **loss** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, _optional_, returned when `next_sentence_label` is provided) — Next sequence prediction (classification) loss.
* **logits** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, 2)`) — Prediction scores of the next sequence prediction (classification) head (scores of True/False continuation before SoftMax).
*   **hidden\_states** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, _optional_, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.
*   **attentions** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, _optional_, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

    Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The [NezhaForNextSentencePrediction](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaForNextSentencePrediction) forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.



Example:

Copied

```
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, NezhaForNextSentencePrediction
>>> import torch

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("sijunhe/nezha-cn-base")
>>> model = NezhaForNextSentencePrediction.from_pretrained("sijunhe/nezha-cn-base")

>>> prompt = "In Italy, pizza served in formal settings, such as at a restaurant, is presented unsliced."
>>> next_sentence = "The sky is blue due to the shorter wavelength of blue light."
>>> encoding = tokenizer(prompt, next_sentence, return_tensors="pt")

>>> outputs = model(**encoding, labels=torch.LongTensor([1]))
>>> logits = outputs.logits
>>> assert logits[0, 0] < logits[0, 1]  # next sentence was random
```

### NezhaForSequenceClassification

#### class transformers.NezhaForSequenceClassification

[\<source>](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v4.34.1/src/transformers/models/nezha/modeling_nezha.py#L1350)

( config )

Parameters

* **config** ([NezhaConfig](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaConfig)) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the [from\_pretrained()](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/model#transformers.PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained) method to load the model weights.

Nezha Model transformer with a sequence classification/regression head on top (a linear layer on top of the pooled output) e.g. for GLUE tasks.

This model inherits from [PreTrainedModel](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/model#transformers.PreTrainedModel). Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch [torch.nn.Module](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.Module) subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

**forward**

[\<source>](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v4.34.1/src/transformers/models/nezha/modeling_nezha.py#L1366)

( input\_ids: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneattention\_mask: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Nonetoken\_type\_ids: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Nonehead\_mask: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneinputs\_embeds: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Nonelabels: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneoutput\_attentions: typing.Optional\[bool] = Noneoutput\_hidden\_states: typing.Optional\[bool] = Nonereturn\_dict: typing.Optional\[bool] = None ) → [transformers.modeling\_outputs.SequenceClassifierOutput](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.SequenceClassifierOutput) or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

*   **input\_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

    Indices can be obtained using [AutoTokenizer](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/auto#transformers.AutoTokenizer). See [PreTrainedTokenizer.encode()](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/tokenizer#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerFast.encode) and [PreTrainedTokenizer.**call**()](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/vits#transformers.VitsTokenizer.__call__) for details.

    [What are input IDs?](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/glossary#input-ids)
*   **attention\_mask** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, _optional_) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

    * 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
    * 0 for tokens that are **masked**.

    [What are attention masks?](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/glossary#attention-mask)
*   **token\_type\_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, _optional_) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:

    * 0 corresponds to a _sentence A_ token,
    * 1 corresponds to a _sentence B_ token.

    [What are token type IDs?](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/glossary#token-type-ids)
* **head\_mask** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, _optional_) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  * 1 indicates the head is **not masked**,
  * 0 indicates the head is **masked**.
* **inputs\_embeds** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, _optional_) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
* **output\_attentions** (`bool`, _optional_) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
* **output\_hidden\_states** (`bool`, _optional_) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
* **return\_dict** (`bool`, _optional_) — Whether or not to return a [ModelOutput](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.utils.ModelOutput) instead of a plain tuple.
* **labels** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, _optional_) — Labels for computing the sequence classification/regression loss. Indices should be in `[0, ..., config.num_labels - 1]`. If `config.num_labels == 1` a regression loss is computed (Mean-Square loss), If `config.num_labels > 1` a classification loss is computed (Cross-Entropy).

Returns

[transformers.modeling\_outputs.SequenceClassifierOutput](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.SequenceClassifierOutput) or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A [transformers.modeling\_outputs.SequenceClassifierOutput](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.SequenceClassifierOutput) or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration ([NezhaConfig](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaConfig)) and inputs.

* **loss** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, _optional_, returned when `labels` is provided) — Classification (or regression if config.num\_labels==1) loss.
* **logits** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, config.num_labels)`) — Classification (or regression if config.num\_labels==1) scores (before SoftMax).
*   **hidden\_states** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, _optional_, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.
*   **attentions** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, _optional_, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

    Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The [NezhaForSequenceClassification](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaForSequenceClassification) forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.



Example of single-label classification:

Copied

```
>>> import torch
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, NezhaForSequenceClassification

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("sijunhe/nezha-cn-base")
>>> model = NezhaForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("sijunhe/nezha-cn-base")

>>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="pt")

>>> with torch.no_grad():
...     logits = model(**inputs).logits

>>> predicted_class_id = logits.argmax().item()

>>> # To train a model on `num_labels` classes, you can pass `num_labels=num_labels` to `.from_pretrained(...)`
>>> num_labels = len(model.config.id2label)
>>> model = NezhaForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("sijunhe/nezha-cn-base", num_labels=num_labels)

>>> labels = torch.tensor([1])
>>> loss = model(**inputs, labels=labels).loss
```



Example of multi-label classification:

Copied

```
>>> import torch
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, NezhaForSequenceClassification

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("sijunhe/nezha-cn-base")
>>> model = NezhaForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("sijunhe/nezha-cn-base", problem_type="multi_label_classification")

>>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="pt")

>>> with torch.no_grad():
...     logits = model(**inputs).logits

>>> predicted_class_ids = torch.arange(0, logits.shape[-1])[torch.sigmoid(logits).squeeze(dim=0) > 0.5]

>>> # To train a model on `num_labels` classes, you can pass `num_labels=num_labels` to `.from_pretrained(...)`
>>> num_labels = len(model.config.id2label)
>>> model = NezhaForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(
...     "sijunhe/nezha-cn-base", num_labels=num_labels, problem_type="multi_label_classification"
... )

>>> labels = torch.sum(
...     torch.nn.functional.one_hot(predicted_class_ids[None, :].clone(), num_classes=num_labels), dim=1
... ).to(torch.float)
>>> loss = model(**inputs, labels=labels).loss
```

### NezhaForMultipleChoice

#### class transformers.NezhaForMultipleChoice

[\<source>](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v4.34.1/src/transformers/models/nezha/modeling_nezha.py#L1449)

( config )

Parameters

* **config** ([NezhaConfig](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaConfig)) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the [from\_pretrained()](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/model#transformers.PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained) method to load the model weights.

Nezha Model with a multiple choice classification head on top (a linear layer on top of the pooled output and a softmax) e.g. for RocStories/SWAG tasks.

This model inherits from [PreTrainedModel](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/model#transformers.PreTrainedModel). Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch [torch.nn.Module](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.Module) subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

**forward**

[\<source>](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v4.34.1/src/transformers/models/nezha/modeling_nezha.py#L1463)

( input\_ids: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneattention\_mask: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Nonetoken\_type\_ids: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Nonehead\_mask: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneinputs\_embeds: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Nonelabels: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneoutput\_attentions: typing.Optional\[bool] = Noneoutput\_hidden\_states: typing.Optional\[bool] = Nonereturn\_dict: typing.Optional\[bool] = None ) → [transformers.modeling\_outputs.MultipleChoiceModelOutput](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.MultipleChoiceModelOutput) or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

*   **input\_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

    Indices can be obtained using [AutoTokenizer](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/auto#transformers.AutoTokenizer). See [PreTrainedTokenizer.encode()](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/tokenizer#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerFast.encode) and [PreTrainedTokenizer.**call**()](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/vits#transformers.VitsTokenizer.__call__) for details.

    [What are input IDs?](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/glossary#input-ids)
*   **attention\_mask** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length)`, _optional_) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

    * 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
    * 0 for tokens that are **masked**.

    [What are attention masks?](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/glossary#attention-mask)
*   **token\_type\_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length)`, _optional_) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:

    * 0 corresponds to a _sentence A_ token,
    * 1 corresponds to a _sentence B_ token.

    [What are token type IDs?](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/glossary#token-type-ids)
* **head\_mask** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, _optional_) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  * 1 indicates the head is **not masked**,
  * 0 indicates the head is **masked**.
* **inputs\_embeds** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, _optional_) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
* **output\_attentions** (`bool`, _optional_) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
* **output\_hidden\_states** (`bool`, _optional_) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
* **return\_dict** (`bool`, _optional_) — Whether or not to return a [ModelOutput](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.utils.ModelOutput) instead of a plain tuple.
* **labels** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, _optional_) — Labels for computing the multiple choice classification loss. Indices should be in `[0, ..., num_choices-1]` where `num_choices` is the size of the second dimension of the input tensors. (See `input_ids` above)

Returns

[transformers.modeling\_outputs.MultipleChoiceModelOutput](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.MultipleChoiceModelOutput) or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A [transformers.modeling\_outputs.MultipleChoiceModelOutput](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.MultipleChoiceModelOutput) or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration ([NezhaConfig](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaConfig)) and inputs.

* **loss** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape _(1,)_, _optional_, returned when `labels` is provided) — Classification loss.
*   **logits** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_choices)`) — _num\_choices_ is the second dimension of the input tensors. (see _input\_ids_ above).

    Classification scores (before SoftMax).
*   **hidden\_states** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, _optional_, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.
*   **attentions** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, _optional_, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

    Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The [NezhaForMultipleChoice](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaForMultipleChoice) forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.



Example:

Copied

```
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, NezhaForMultipleChoice
>>> import torch

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("sijunhe/nezha-cn-base")
>>> model = NezhaForMultipleChoice.from_pretrained("sijunhe/nezha-cn-base")

>>> prompt = "In Italy, pizza served in formal settings, such as at a restaurant, is presented unsliced."
>>> choice0 = "It is eaten with a fork and a knife."
>>> choice1 = "It is eaten while held in the hand."
>>> labels = torch.tensor(0).unsqueeze(0)  # choice0 is correct (according to Wikipedia ;)), batch size 1

>>> encoding = tokenizer([prompt, prompt], [choice0, choice1], return_tensors="pt", padding=True)
>>> outputs = model(**{k: v.unsqueeze(0) for k, v in encoding.items()}, labels=labels)  # batch size is 1

>>> # the linear classifier still needs to be trained
>>> loss = outputs.loss
>>> logits = outputs.logits
```

### NezhaForTokenClassification

#### class transformers.NezhaForTokenClassification

[\<source>](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v4.34.1/src/transformers/models/nezha/modeling_nezha.py#L1541)

( config )

Parameters

* **config** ([NezhaConfig](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaConfig)) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the [from\_pretrained()](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/model#transformers.PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained) method to load the model weights.

Nezha Model with a token classification head on top (a linear layer on top of the hidden-states output) e.g. for Named-Entity-Recognition (NER) tasks.

This model inherits from [PreTrainedModel](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/model#transformers.PreTrainedModel). Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch [torch.nn.Module](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.Module) subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

**forward**

[\<source>](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v4.34.1/src/transformers/models/nezha/modeling_nezha.py#L1556)

( input\_ids: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneattention\_mask: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Nonetoken\_type\_ids: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Nonehead\_mask: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneinputs\_embeds: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Nonelabels: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneoutput\_attentions: typing.Optional\[bool] = Noneoutput\_hidden\_states: typing.Optional\[bool] = Nonereturn\_dict: typing.Optional\[bool] = None ) → [transformers.modeling\_outputs.TokenClassifierOutput](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.TokenClassifierOutput) or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

*   **input\_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

    Indices can be obtained using [AutoTokenizer](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/auto#transformers.AutoTokenizer). See [PreTrainedTokenizer.encode()](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/tokenizer#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerFast.encode) and [PreTrainedTokenizer.**call**()](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/vits#transformers.VitsTokenizer.__call__) for details.

    [What are input IDs?](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/glossary#input-ids)
*   **attention\_mask** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, _optional_) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

    * 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
    * 0 for tokens that are **masked**.

    [What are attention masks?](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/glossary#attention-mask)
*   **token\_type\_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, _optional_) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:

    * 0 corresponds to a _sentence A_ token,
    * 1 corresponds to a _sentence B_ token.

    [What are token type IDs?](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/glossary#token-type-ids)
* **head\_mask** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, _optional_) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  * 1 indicates the head is **not masked**,
  * 0 indicates the head is **masked**.
* **inputs\_embeds** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, _optional_) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
* **output\_attentions** (`bool`, _optional_) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
* **output\_hidden\_states** (`bool`, _optional_) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
* **return\_dict** (`bool`, _optional_) — Whether or not to return a [ModelOutput](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.utils.ModelOutput) instead of a plain tuple.
* **labels** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, _optional_) — Labels for computing the token classification loss. Indices should be in `[0, ..., config.num_labels - 1]`.

Returns

[transformers.modeling\_outputs.TokenClassifierOutput](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.TokenClassifierOutput) or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A [transformers.modeling\_outputs.TokenClassifierOutput](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.TokenClassifierOutput) or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration ([NezhaConfig](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaConfig)) and inputs.

* **loss** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, _optional_, returned when `labels` is provided) — Classification loss.
* **logits** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.num_labels)`) — Classification scores (before SoftMax).
*   **hidden\_states** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, _optional_, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.
*   **attentions** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, _optional_, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

    Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The [NezhaForTokenClassification](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaForTokenClassification) forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.



Example:

Copied

```
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, NezhaForTokenClassification
>>> import torch

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("sijunhe/nezha-cn-base")
>>> model = NezhaForTokenClassification.from_pretrained("sijunhe/nezha-cn-base")

>>> inputs = tokenizer(
...     "BOINCAI is a company based in Paris and New York", add_special_tokens=False, return_tensors="pt"
... )

>>> with torch.no_grad():
...     logits = model(**inputs).logits

>>> predicted_token_class_ids = logits.argmax(-1)

>>> # Note that tokens are classified rather then input words which means that
>>> # there might be more predicted token classes than words.
>>> # Multiple token classes might account for the same word
>>> predicted_tokens_classes = [model.config.id2label[t.item()] for t in predicted_token_class_ids[0]]

>>> labels = predicted_token_class_ids
>>> loss = model(**inputs, labels=labels).loss
```

### NezhaForQuestionAnswering

#### class transformers.NezhaForQuestionAnswering

[\<source>](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v4.34.1/src/transformers/models/nezha/modeling_nezha.py#L1620)

( config )

Parameters

* **config** ([NezhaConfig](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaConfig)) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the [from\_pretrained()](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/model#transformers.PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained) method to load the model weights.

Nezha Model with a span classification head on top for extractive question-answering tasks like SQuAD (a linear layers on top of the hidden-states output to compute `span start logits` and `span end logits`).

This model inherits from [PreTrainedModel](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/model#transformers.PreTrainedModel). Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch [torch.nn.Module](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.Module) subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

**forward**

[\<source>](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v4.34.1/src/transformers/models/nezha/modeling_nezha.py#L1631)

( input\_ids: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneattention\_mask: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Nonetoken\_type\_ids: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Nonehead\_mask: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneinputs\_embeds: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Nonestart\_positions: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneend\_positions: typing.Optional\[torch.Tensor] = Noneoutput\_attentions: typing.Optional\[bool] = Noneoutput\_hidden\_states: typing.Optional\[bool] = Nonereturn\_dict: typing.Optional\[bool] = None ) → [transformers.modeling\_outputs.QuestionAnsweringModelOutput](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.QuestionAnsweringModelOutput) or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

*   **input\_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

    Indices can be obtained using [AutoTokenizer](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/auto#transformers.AutoTokenizer). See [PreTrainedTokenizer.encode()](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/tokenizer#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerFast.encode) and [PreTrainedTokenizer.**call**()](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/vits#transformers.VitsTokenizer.__call__) for details.

    [What are input IDs?](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/glossary#input-ids)
*   **attention\_mask** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, _optional_) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

    * 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
    * 0 for tokens that are **masked**.

    [What are attention masks?](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/glossary#attention-mask)
*   **token\_type\_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, _optional_) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:

    * 0 corresponds to a _sentence A_ token,
    * 1 corresponds to a _sentence B_ token.

    [What are token type IDs?](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/glossary#token-type-ids)
* **head\_mask** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, _optional_) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  * 1 indicates the head is **not masked**,
  * 0 indicates the head is **masked**.
* **inputs\_embeds** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, _optional_) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
* **output\_attentions** (`bool`, _optional_) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
* **output\_hidden\_states** (`bool`, _optional_) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
* **return\_dict** (`bool`, _optional_) — Whether or not to return a [ModelOutput](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.utils.ModelOutput) instead of a plain tuple.
* **start\_positions** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, _optional_) — Labels for position (index) of the start of the labelled span for computing the token classification loss. Positions are clamped to the length of the sequence (`sequence_length`). Position outside of the sequence are not taken into account for computing the loss.
* **end\_positions** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, _optional_) — Labels for position (index) of the end of the labelled span for computing the token classification loss. Positions are clamped to the length of the sequence (`sequence_length`). Position outside of the sequence are not taken into account for computing the loss.

Returns

[transformers.modeling\_outputs.QuestionAnsweringModelOutput](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.QuestionAnsweringModelOutput) or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A [transformers.modeling\_outputs.QuestionAnsweringModelOutput](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.QuestionAnsweringModelOutput) or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration ([NezhaConfig](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaConfig)) and inputs.

* **loss** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, _optional_, returned when `labels` is provided) — Total span extraction loss is the sum of a Cross-Entropy for the start and end positions.
* **start\_logits** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Span-start scores (before SoftMax).
* **end\_logits** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Span-end scores (before SoftMax).
*   **hidden\_states** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, _optional_, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.
*   **attentions** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, _optional_, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

    Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The [NezhaForQuestionAnswering](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/v4.34.1/en/model_doc/nezha#transformers.NezhaForQuestionAnswering) forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.



Example:

Copied

```
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, NezhaForQuestionAnswering
>>> import torch

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("sijunhe/nezha-cn-base")
>>> model = NezhaForQuestionAnswering.from_pretrained("sijunhe/nezha-cn-base")

>>> question, text = "Who was Jim Henson?", "Jim Henson was a nice puppet"

>>> inputs = tokenizer(question, text, return_tensors="pt")
>>> with torch.no_grad():
...     outputs = model(**inputs)

>>> answer_start_index = outputs.start_logits.argmax()
>>> answer_end_index = outputs.end_logits.argmax()

>>> predict_answer_tokens = inputs.input_ids[0, answer_start_index : answer_end_index + 1]

>>> # target is "nice puppet"
>>> target_start_index = torch.tensor([14])
>>> target_end_index = torch.tensor([15])

>>> outputs = model(**inputs, start_positions=target_start_index, end_positions=target_end_index)
>>> loss = outputs.loss
```
